Kode Jurnal : JFIS-0002
Bahasa : Indonesia
Kategori : FISIKA
Jumlah Halaman : 8 hal
Harga : Rp 0,-
Summary:
The magnetic dichroism effect can be obtained from the cross section difference between up and down spins. The calculation needs the results of phase shift, initial and final state wave functions, however when the phase shift is zero the transition matrix elements in atomic and crystal contribution would be singular, therefore we need some means of numerical treatment to handle the problem. In this paper, we describe the way to renormalize the wave function the we recalculate the matrix element of spin-orbit operator , the atomic contribution and the cross section difference between up and down spins. We and that all functions behave regularly on all energy range even though the
phase shift is zero. This result is in accordance with the MXD of FCC iron.
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Jumat, 05 Maret 2010
Perhitungan Superposisi isodosis dalam Perencanaan Radioterapi
Kode Jurnal : JFIS-0001
Bahasa : Indonesia
Kategori : FISIKA
Jumlah Halaman : 7 hal
Harga : Rp 0,-
Rangkuman :
Terapi irradiasi rotasional dapat mengurangi efek samping yang diterima oleh jaringan normal disekitar target / sasaran dan pengurangan efek samping ini terbesar jka target irradiasi berada di pusat obyek dan sebagai titik rotasi. Oleh karena itu untuk kasus jaringan abnormal yang letaknya tidak dipusat obyek, perlu ditambahkan bahan ekivalen jaringan (misalnya air) di sekitar obyek sehingga diperoleh geometri obyek simetri.
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Bahasa : Indonesia
Kategori : FISIKA
Jumlah Halaman : 7 hal
Harga : Rp 0,-
Rangkuman :
Terapi irradiasi rotasional dapat mengurangi efek samping yang diterima oleh jaringan normal disekitar target / sasaran dan pengurangan efek samping ini terbesar jka target irradiasi berada di pusat obyek dan sebagai titik rotasi. Oleh karena itu untuk kasus jaringan abnormal yang letaknya tidak dipusat obyek, perlu ditambahkan bahan ekivalen jaringan (misalnya air) di sekitar obyek sehingga diperoleh geometri obyek simetri.
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Selasa, 02 Maret 2010
Problem Behaviors and Personality of Children and Adolescents With Prader-Willi Syndrome
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0010
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 10
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective: Compare behavioral and emotional problems of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and dients consulting mental health centers (MHC) and related behavioral and emotional problems to the children's personality in the PWS group.
Methods: Participants were 39 children with PWS and 585 matched MHC dients. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) syndromes were related to the Big-Five personality factors measured with the California Child Q-sort (CCQ).
Results: Mean CBCL Total Problems scores were not different for the PWS and MHC groups, but differences were found for several of the CBCL subscales. Patterns of correlations among CBCL scales were similar In both groups, although coefficients were generally higher in the PWS group, indicating higher comorbidtty or co-absence of CBCL syndromes in children and adolescents with PWS. Personality profiles were specific for Internalizing and Externalizing problems of children and adolescents with PWS.
Key words: Prader-Willi Syndrome; Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); California Child Q-sort (CCQ); Big Five personality factors; externalizing; internalizing.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 10
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective: Compare behavioral and emotional problems of children and adolescents with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and dients consulting mental health centers (MHC) and related behavioral and emotional problems to the children's personality in the PWS group.
Methods: Participants were 39 children with PWS and 585 matched MHC dients. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) syndromes were related to the Big-Five personality factors measured with the California Child Q-sort (CCQ).
Results: Mean CBCL Total Problems scores were not different for the PWS and MHC groups, but differences were found for several of the CBCL subscales. Patterns of correlations among CBCL scales were similar In both groups, although coefficients were generally higher in the PWS group, indicating higher comorbidtty or co-absence of CBCL syndromes in children and adolescents with PWS. Personality profiles were specific for Internalizing and Externalizing problems of children and adolescents with PWS.
Key words: Prader-Willi Syndrome; Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); California Child Q-sort (CCQ); Big Five personality factors; externalizing; internalizing.
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Behavior Problems in Children With Diabetes: Disentangling Possible Scoring Confounds on the Child Behavior Checklist
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0009
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 8
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991), when used to assess the behavior of children with diabetes, may contain confounds because some behavioral items can have a physiologic etiology, and may skew reports of behavioral disturbance.
Methods: Two techniques were used to disentangle possible scoring confounds in the behavioral ratings of children with and without diabetes: (1) the Somatic Complaints scale was deleted, or (2) Diabetes Items, identified a priori with 89% agreement by nine medical personnel, were deleted.
Results: As expected, with traditionally scored protocols, children with diabetes obtained higher Internalizing and Total Behavior Problem scores than controls. This group difference persisted whether the Somatic Complaints scale or the Diabetes Items were deleted.
Conclusions: Compared to controls, children with diabetes obtained mildly elevated scores on six of the eight CBCL scales, regardless of scoring method, suggesting that their mildly elevated behavioral profile is not confounded by physiologic symptomatology.
Key words: diabetes; Child Behavior Checklist; chronic illness.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 8
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; T. M. Achenbach, 1991), when used to assess the behavior of children with diabetes, may contain confounds because some behavioral items can have a physiologic etiology, and may skew reports of behavioral disturbance.
Methods: Two techniques were used to disentangle possible scoring confounds in the behavioral ratings of children with and without diabetes: (1) the Somatic Complaints scale was deleted, or (2) Diabetes Items, identified a priori with 89% agreement by nine medical personnel, were deleted.
Results: As expected, with traditionally scored protocols, children with diabetes obtained higher Internalizing and Total Behavior Problem scores than controls. This group difference persisted whether the Somatic Complaints scale or the Diabetes Items were deleted.
Conclusions: Compared to controls, children with diabetes obtained mildly elevated scores on six of the eight CBCL scales, regardless of scoring method, suggesting that their mildly elevated behavioral profile is not confounded by physiologic symptomatology.
Key words: diabetes; Child Behavior Checklist; chronic illness.
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Behavior Problems Associated with Sleep Disordered Breathing in School-Aged Children—the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0008
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 9
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective The purpose of the current study was to examine prevalence of and relations between a commonly used measure of nighttime breathing problems, the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), and a range of problem behaviors in community children. Methods Participants were 403 unreferred children aged 6–12 years. Recruitment was completed through public elementary schools. Overnight unattended in-home polysomnography was used to assess sleep and breathing. The RDI was used as the indicator of respiratory events during sleep. The Child Behavior Checklist and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised were used to assess behavior. Results Prevalence rates for Attention, Cognitive Problems, Aggression, Oppositional behavior, and Social Problems were greatest for subjects with high RDIs. Prevalence for Internalizing behaviors was not greater for those subjects with high RDIs. Hyperactivity was not strongly related to higher RDIs. Conclusions Behavioral problems may exist in the presence of nocturnal breathing events in unreferred children. Specific patterns of behavioral morbidity have still not been established. Some behaviors, such as hyperactivity, may show differing sensitivity and specificity in relation to the RDI.
Key words behavior; children; Child Behavior Checklist; Conners’ Parent Rating Scales— Revised; prevalence; Respiratory Disturbance Index; sleep disordered breathing.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 9
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective The purpose of the current study was to examine prevalence of and relations between a commonly used measure of nighttime breathing problems, the Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), and a range of problem behaviors in community children. Methods Participants were 403 unreferred children aged 6–12 years. Recruitment was completed through public elementary schools. Overnight unattended in-home polysomnography was used to assess sleep and breathing. The RDI was used as the indicator of respiratory events during sleep. The Child Behavior Checklist and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scales-Revised were used to assess behavior. Results Prevalence rates for Attention, Cognitive Problems, Aggression, Oppositional behavior, and Social Problems were greatest for subjects with high RDIs. Prevalence for Internalizing behaviors was not greater for those subjects with high RDIs. Hyperactivity was not strongly related to higher RDIs. Conclusions Behavioral problems may exist in the presence of nocturnal breathing events in unreferred children. Specific patterns of behavioral morbidity have still not been established. Some behaviors, such as hyperactivity, may show differing sensitivity and specificity in relation to the RDI.
Key words behavior; children; Child Behavior Checklist; Conners’ Parent Rating Scales— Revised; prevalence; Respiratory Disturbance Index; sleep disordered breathing.
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THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL DRINKING BEHAVIOUR AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER ON ADOLESCENT BEHAVIOURAL PROBLEMS
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0007
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Abstract — Aim: Contradictory results have been produced by previous research on the question to what extent do children of alcoholics (COAs) differ in measures of externalizing symptoms from children of non-alcoholic parents. The goal of this study was to determine whether COAs are characterized by more behavioural problems than non-COAs, and also to determine the influence of a paternal antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in this context. Methods: In this study, 340 children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years and their parents were included. Of this sample, 76 adolescents showed a positive family history of alcoholism (FHalc) and 47 adolescents a positive history of a paternal ASPD (FHaspd). Externalizing symptoms, which where measured on the basis of maternal ratings and self-assessments, were analysed with a two-factorial MANCOVA with FHalc and FHaspd as independent factors. Results: The results of the MANCOVA revealed that only children with paternal ASPD showed significant higher scores in attentional problems, self-rated aggression/delinquency and disruptive behaviour, while there were no differences for FHalc and the interaction effect. Conclusions: Our findings show that the higher of behavioural problems relates primarily to a higher prevalence in both cases of ASPD among fathers. These results were discussed regarding the mediating role of a paternal ASPD for the differences in behavioural problems in COAs and non-COAs. Furthermore, children with FHalc and/or FHaspd represent high-risk groups and should be the focus of prevention and intervention measures.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Abstract — Aim: Contradictory results have been produced by previous research on the question to what extent do children of alcoholics (COAs) differ in measures of externalizing symptoms from children of non-alcoholic parents. The goal of this study was to determine whether COAs are characterized by more behavioural problems than non-COAs, and also to determine the influence of a paternal antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in this context. Methods: In this study, 340 children and adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18 years and their parents were included. Of this sample, 76 adolescents showed a positive family history of alcoholism (FHalc) and 47 adolescents a positive history of a paternal ASPD (FHaspd). Externalizing symptoms, which where measured on the basis of maternal ratings and self-assessments, were analysed with a two-factorial MANCOVA with FHalc and FHaspd as independent factors. Results: The results of the MANCOVA revealed that only children with paternal ASPD showed significant higher scores in attentional problems, self-rated aggression/delinquency and disruptive behaviour, while there were no differences for FHalc and the interaction effect. Conclusions: Our findings show that the higher of behavioural problems relates primarily to a higher prevalence in both cases of ASPD among fathers. These results were discussed regarding the mediating role of a paternal ASPD for the differences in behavioural problems in COAs and non-COAs. Furthermore, children with FHalc and/or FHaspd represent high-risk groups and should be the focus of prevention and intervention measures.
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EMOTIONAL INTERPLAY AND DOMINANT PERSONALITIES IN THERAPEUTIC GROUPS: OBSERVATIONS ON COMBINED SCHIZOPHRENIC-NEUROTIC GROUPS
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0006
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 18
Harga : Rp 0,-
SUMMARY :
1 . The response of male schizophrenic patients to a therapeutic group setting is reported. Two groups were observed ; in Group I the schizophrenics equalled, in Group II they outnumbered the other participants.
2. Group II was disrupted by strong feelings of hostility which were directed against one of the attending schizophrenics ; the group eventually broke into two unequal parts when all the other schizophrenic patients insisted on being seen as a separate group.
3. Inter-personal relations in a group can be multilateral. The span of awareness for multilateral contacts seems to be limited, however ; if they are too numerous the idea of a group configuration replaces the awareness of distinct personalities.
4. The emotional response aroused through inter-personal relations in a group appears to be of the same character as in individual psychotherapy.
5. There is, however, the difference that a group setting offers a feeling of greater social security and emotional support than individual interviews to tongue-tied patients, and particularly to schizophrenics.
6. The risk that patients, and especially schizophrenics, may “ act out” emotional difficulties seems to be greater in group than in individual treatment.
7. The emergence of dominant personalities seems to be a general characteristic of groups with a common purpose. Some of the factors which may lead to dominance have been tentatively considered. Dominance in human groups may have a pathological origin.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 18
Harga : Rp 0,-
SUMMARY :
1 . The response of male schizophrenic patients to a therapeutic group setting is reported. Two groups were observed ; in Group I the schizophrenics equalled, in Group II they outnumbered the other participants.
2. Group II was disrupted by strong feelings of hostility which were directed against one of the attending schizophrenics ; the group eventually broke into two unequal parts when all the other schizophrenic patients insisted on being seen as a separate group.
3. Inter-personal relations in a group can be multilateral. The span of awareness for multilateral contacts seems to be limited, however ; if they are too numerous the idea of a group configuration replaces the awareness of distinct personalities.
4. The emotional response aroused through inter-personal relations in a group appears to be of the same character as in individual psychotherapy.
5. There is, however, the difference that a group setting offers a feeling of greater social security and emotional support than individual interviews to tongue-tied patients, and particularly to schizophrenics.
6. The risk that patients, and especially schizophrenics, may “ act out” emotional difficulties seems to be greater in group than in individual treatment.
7. The emergence of dominant personalities seems to be a general characteristic of groups with a common purpose. Some of the factors which may lead to dominance have been tentatively considered. Dominance in human groups may have a pathological origin.
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Some Electrophysiological Observations in Obsessional States
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0005
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Summary: Averaged evoked potentials were recorded from a group of obsessional patients and matched normal controls for three types of visual stimulation: passive monitoring of a light flash, a pattern consisting of gratings and a cognitive task involving discrimination of two similar shapes. As the complexity of information processing required by the tasks increased, differences in the evoked potentials of obsessionals became more marked. The main finding was of faster latency and reduced amplitude of the N220 component in the cognitive task. The relevance of this finding to a theory of obsessional disorder is discussed.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Summary: Averaged evoked potentials were recorded from a group of obsessional patients and matched normal controls for three types of visual stimulation: passive monitoring of a light flash, a pattern consisting of gratings and a cognitive task involving discrimination of two similar shapes. As the complexity of information processing required by the tasks increased, differences in the evoked potentials of obsessionals became more marked. The main finding was of faster latency and reduced amplitude of the N220 component in the cognitive task. The relevance of this finding to a theory of obsessional disorder is discussed.
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Evaluation and Change in a Psychogeriatric Ward ThroughDirect Observation and Feedback
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0004
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
SUMMARY Direct observations were made of patients' behavior during occupational therapy sessions in a psychogeriatric ward, and were used to suggest changes in the conduct of these sessions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes. The intervention was successful in bringing about situation-specific increases in clients appropriate behaviour.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 6
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
SUMMARY Direct observations were made of patients' behavior during occupational therapy sessions in a psychogeriatric ward, and were used to suggest changes in the conduct of these sessions, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes. The intervention was successful in bringing about situation-specific increases in clients appropriate behaviour.
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Observations on the Handedness Preferences of Patients with Personality Disorders
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0003
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 4
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Summary: A new series of patients with personality disorders has provided an opportunity to extend to both sexes an earlier finding that personality disordered women tend to be mixed handed. Eighty-one subjects completed Annett's handedness questionnaire. The frequency of mixed hand preference in both sexes was similar to that found in the previous study, though deviations from consistent preference were small and dependent on the method used to classify handedness. The hysterical, antisocial and explosive personality types were particularly likely to have mixed handedness. These associations were reflected in small but significant trends among several psychometric variables.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 4
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Summary: A new series of patients with personality disorders has provided an opportunity to extend to both sexes an earlier finding that personality disordered women tend to be mixed handed. Eighty-one subjects completed Annett's handedness questionnaire. The frequency of mixed hand preference in both sexes was similar to that found in the previous study, though deviations from consistent preference were small and dependent on the method used to classify handedness. The hysterical, antisocial and explosive personality types were particularly likely to have mixed handedness. These associations were reflected in small but significant trends among several psychometric variables.
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Do financial markets care about social and environmental disclosure?
Kode Jurnal : JEE-0001
Kategori : Ekonomi
Jumlah Halaman : 28
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore whether there is any relationship(s) between social and environmental disclosure and the financial market performance of the UK’s largest companies. Design/methodology/approach – Two data sets were used in the study. The CSEAR database of UK companies provided the social and environmental disclosure component. The second data were the stock market returns earned by the largest UK companies as listed by The Times 1,000. A series of statistical tests was performed to examine whether any relationship could be detected in either the cross sectional or longitudinal data over a period of ten years. Findings – No direct relationship between share returns and disclosure was found. Neither had such a relationship been expected, in keeping with the prior literature. However, the longitudinal data revealed a convincing relationship between consistently high(low) returns and the predilection to high(low) disclosure. There is no single convincing theoretical explanation as to why this might be. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates the importance of examining a range of hypotheses on longitudinal data when other research suggests that any relationships are unlikely to be unstable year on year. More significantly, this paper is motivated not by a concern to understand better how investors’ already-high returns may be bettered, but rather to explore how the alleged potential of financial markets to contribute to social responsibility and sustainability might be engaged. Keywords : Financial markets, Shares, Returns, Social accounting, United Kingdom
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Kategori : Ekonomi
Jumlah Halaman : 28
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore whether there is any relationship(s) between social and environmental disclosure and the financial market performance of the UK’s largest companies. Design/methodology/approach – Two data sets were used in the study. The CSEAR database of UK companies provided the social and environmental disclosure component. The second data were the stock market returns earned by the largest UK companies as listed by The Times 1,000. A series of statistical tests was performed to examine whether any relationship could be detected in either the cross sectional or longitudinal data over a period of ten years. Findings – No direct relationship between share returns and disclosure was found. Neither had such a relationship been expected, in keeping with the prior literature. However, the longitudinal data revealed a convincing relationship between consistently high(low) returns and the predilection to high(low) disclosure. There is no single convincing theoretical explanation as to why this might be. Originality/value – This paper demonstrates the importance of examining a range of hypotheses on longitudinal data when other research suggests that any relationships are unlikely to be unstable year on year. More significantly, this paper is motivated not by a concern to understand better how investors’ already-high returns may be bettered, but rather to explore how the alleged potential of financial markets to contribute to social responsibility and sustainability might be engaged. Keywords : Financial markets, Shares, Returns, Social accounting, United Kingdom
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Family Functioning in School-Age Children With Cystic Fibrosis: An Observational Assessment of Family Interactions in the Mealtime Environment
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0002
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 8
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective To examine, using direct observation methodology, differences in family functioning at mealtime between families of school-age children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and families of school-age children without a chronic illness. Method Family functioning was rated using the McMaster Mealtime Interaction Coding System (MICS) during a videotaped dinner among 28 families of children with CF and 27 families of non-ill, age-matched peers. Families were rated on overall family functioning and on six dimensions of the MICS: task accomplishment, communication, affect management, interpersonal involvement, behavior control, and role allocation. Results Ratings for families of a child with CF were significantly lower than they were for comparison families on overall family functioning and on four of the six MICS dimensions: communication, affect management, interpersonal involvement, and behavioral control. Moreover, a significantly greater percentage of families of children with CF were rated in the unhealthy range on overall family functioning and on five of six MICS dimensions. There was no relationship between family functioning and child weight status for children with CF. Conclusions The current study suggests that for families of school-age children with CF, the family system is negatively affected during mealtime. Dietary interventions need to address family-centered, as well as child-centered, interventions to help families manage challenges presented during the family meal.
Key words cystic fibrosis; family functioning; mealtime; children; behavior.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 8
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective To examine, using direct observation methodology, differences in family functioning at mealtime between families of school-age children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and families of school-age children without a chronic illness. Method Family functioning was rated using the McMaster Mealtime Interaction Coding System (MICS) during a videotaped dinner among 28 families of children with CF and 27 families of non-ill, age-matched peers. Families were rated on overall family functioning and on six dimensions of the MICS: task accomplishment, communication, affect management, interpersonal involvement, behavior control, and role allocation. Results Ratings for families of a child with CF were significantly lower than they were for comparison families on overall family functioning and on four of the six MICS dimensions: communication, affect management, interpersonal involvement, and behavioral control. Moreover, a significantly greater percentage of families of children with CF were rated in the unhealthy range on overall family functioning and on five of six MICS dimensions. There was no relationship between family functioning and child weight status for children with CF. Conclusions The current study suggests that for families of school-age children with CF, the family system is negatively affected during mealtime. Dietary interventions need to address family-centered, as well as child-centered, interventions to help families manage challenges presented during the family meal.
Key words cystic fibrosis; family functioning; mealtime; children; behavior.
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Observation of Family Functioning at Mealtime: A Comparison Between Families of Children With and Without Overweight
Kode Jurnal : JPSIE-0001
Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 12
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective To examine differences between families of children with and without overweight on parental control and support. Methods Twenty-eight families with an overweight child and a control group of 28 families with a normal weight child (age range 7–13 years) participated in the study. Observations and self-reports of mealtime family functioning were administered and analyzed. Results Parents of children with overweight reported to exert more control on their children’s feeding behavior and an equal amount of parental support in comparison with parents of children without overweight. However, observations at mealtime indicated that in families with an overweight child, maladaptive control strategies were twice as prevalent, and less parental support was displayed. Conclusions Self-reports and observations provide complementary information on how parents interact with their overweight children. Familybased treatment programs should include discussions on the adequate amount of parental control and support.
Key words family functioning; observation; overweight in children.
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Kategori : Psikologi
Jumlah Halaman : 12
Harga : Rp 0,-
ABSTRAK :
Objective To examine differences between families of children with and without overweight on parental control and support. Methods Twenty-eight families with an overweight child and a control group of 28 families with a normal weight child (age range 7–13 years) participated in the study. Observations and self-reports of mealtime family functioning were administered and analyzed. Results Parents of children with overweight reported to exert more control on their children’s feeding behavior and an equal amount of parental support in comparison with parents of children without overweight. However, observations at mealtime indicated that in families with an overweight child, maladaptive control strategies were twice as prevalent, and less parental support was displayed. Conclusions Self-reports and observations provide complementary information on how parents interact with their overweight children. Familybased treatment programs should include discussions on the adequate amount of parental control and support.
Key words family functioning; observation; overweight in children.
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